What are plants

Plants

Plants are multicellular eukaryotic autotroph organisms that can reproduce through Vegetative reproduction, Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.

What is ZOOLOGY

                                                             Zoology

Zoology(Gr. zoon , logos, to study) is the study of animals. It is one of the broadest fields in all of science because of the immense variety of animals and the complexity of the processes occurring within animals. There are, for example, over 20,000 described species of bony fishes and over 300,000 described (and many more un described ) species of beetles! It is no wonder that zoologists usually specialize in one or more of the sub disciplines of zoology. They may study  particular  functional,  structural,  or  ecological  aspects  of  one  or  more  animal  groups (table 1.1), or they may choose to specialize in a particular group of animals (table 1.2). Ichthyology,  for  example,  is  the  study  of  fishes,  and  ichthyologists  work  to understand the structure, function, ecology, and evolution of fishes. These studies have uncovered an amazing diversity of fishes. One large group, the cichlids, is found in Africa (1,000 species), Central and South America (300 species), India (3 species) and North America (1 species). Members of this group have an enormous variety of color patterns (figure  1.1),  habitats,  and  body  forms.  Ichthyologists  have  described  a  wide  variety  of feeding habits in cichlids. These fish include algae scrapers, like Eretmodu , that nip algae with chisel-like teeth; insect pickers, like Tang anicodus; and scale eaters, like Perissodus. All cichlids have two pairs of jaws. The mouth jaws are used for scraping or nipping food, and the throat jaws are used for crushing or macerating food before it is swallowed .Many cichlids mouth brood their young. A female takes eggs into her mouth after the eggs are spawned. She then inhales sperm released by the male, and fertilization and development take place within the female’s mouth! Even after the eggs hatch, young are taken back into the mouth of the female if danger threatens (figure 1.2). Hundreds of variations in color pattern, body form, and behavior in this family of fishes illustrate the remarkable diversity present in one relatively small branch of the animal kingdom. Zoologists are working around the world to understand and preserve the enormous diversity.

Reference:

Miller−Harley: Zoology, Fifth Edition.

What the science Basically is?

                                                                      SCIENCE

Science is a methodical approach to studying the natural world. Science asks basic questions, such as how does the world work? How did the world come to be? What was the world like in the past, what is it like now, and what will it be like in the future? These questions are answered using observation, testing, and interpretation through logic.

Reference:

Why most cells are small

WHY ARE MOST CELLS SMALL?

Most cells are small and can be seen only with the aid of a microscope.  (Exceptions include the eggs  of  most  vertebrates  [fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and birds] and some long nerve cells.) One reason for the smallness of cells is that the ratio of the volume of the cell’s nucleus to the volume of its cytoplasm must not be so small that the nucleus, the cell’s major control center, cannot control the cytoplasm. Another aspect of cell volume works to limit cell size. As the radius of a cell lengthens, cell volume increases more rapidly than cell surface area (figure 2.3). The need for nutrients and the rate of waste production are proportional to cell volume. The cell takes up nutrients and eliminates wastes through its surface plasma membrane. If cell volume becomes too large, the surface area-to-volume ratio is too small for an adequate exchange of nutrients and wastes.